Federal Reserve System

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These events should alarm economic decision-makers, because they verify that the highly publicized controls no longer work. The trend toward economic collapse—runaway inflation followed by major depression—seems irreversible.

Lack of fiscal discipline and sound management is partly responsible for the trend. These inadequacies reflect an economic system created by popularity. Politicians who make decisions based on what is popular rather than what is financially sound have virtually bankrupted us.

It is hard to visualize the kind of political climate necessary to reverse this trend.

Rather than working on a feasible solution to our problems, government officials quibble about which group should get the most handouts. They grant price supports to one group, unemployment benefits to another, and gratuities to many people who are undeserving. They provide grants to New England ski resorts because of insufficient snow one year, then support beaches in the south because of too much rain. They pay people not to grow products in a time of shortage, apply price supports to foods when they begin to drop and then complain of runaway inflation on these same products.

The Federal Reserve System cuts off credit to industries that are profitable, protesting that they should be more self-sufficient without credit, when for forty years the system promoted the use of nothing but credit. Nor is the “average” American guiltless either. Most families today live on the brink of disaster. The excessive use of personal and business credit has weakened the already shaky family structure. All of these factors contribute to an almost uncontrollable economy.

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It was speculation, not expansion, that sparked the Great Depression. Expansion was proper as long as it was based on sound value; it was when individuals began to borrow money to speculate in stocks, and businesses used this borrowed money to expand, that disaster occurred. When caught in the squeeze, neither were able to pay their bills.

By the late 1920s, the stock market had inflated completely out of proportion. It was being used as a vehicle for “get rich quick” speculation, rather than long-term growth.

During the pre-depression era, the banking industry, in spite of the Federal Reserve System controls, was generally unregulated. Just as in Dan’s nail bank, few, if any, real controls were enforced. Banks made speculative loans backed by little or no security. They used credit to expand, just as Dan had.

Then, in 1929, the collapse came. First the stock market collapsed, followed by large-scale loan defaults and almost total economic devastation. Shortly thereafter, banks that were thought stable and had been so for decades, collapsed. Unable to recover their deposits, individuals lost their life savings, and companies lost most of their operating capital. Businesses that were heavily credit-oriented were forced out of existence.

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